¶ Orchestration Layer
¶ Purpose
The Orchestration Layer in Fuse coordinates complex, multi-step workflows — combining humans, systems, AI, security policies, and services into governed, stateful processes.
Orchestration brings structure, resilience, and explainability to how actions, decisions, and domains interact — all while being observable, auditable, and modular.
¶ 
Overview
Orchestration refers to the intentional coordination of:
Systems and integrations
Human-in-the-loop decisions
AI reasoning and feedback
Security and policy enforcement
External triggers and data sources
While automation executes tasks, orchestration defines how tasks, people, systems, and assistants work together — across runtime state, trust scopes, and business context.
¶ 
Key Capabilities
| Capability | Description |
|---|---|
| Visual Modeling | Low-code designer to build and maintain flow structures |
| Stateful Execution | Track retries, status, timeouts, decisions, and fallbacks |
| Parallelism & Sequencing | Mix concurrent, sequential, and conditional logic |
| Human-in-the-Loop | Support approvals, escalations, task routing, reassignments |
| Timeouts & Delays | Handle SLAs, wait states, and trigger expirations |
| Policy Enforcement | Enforce trust scoring, session checks, access control mid-flow |
| Compensation & Rollback | Reverse partial flows or re-run failed paths |
| Traceability | Full observability, metrics, and trust audit trails at every step |
Fuse orchestrations are:
Domain-aware — Built to operate across Security, Workflow, Intelligence, Messaging, Storage, and UI
Governed — Enforced by scoped tokens, role-based policies, and metadata contexts
Composable — Steps, subflows, and logic blocks are reusable throughout the platform
¶ 
Orchestration vs Automation
| Feature | Automation Layer | Orchestration Layer |
|---|---|---|
 Trigger |
Event, condition, schedule | Process step, task result, escalation |
| Scope |
Single action | Multi-step flow |
| Actor Types |
Systems, pipelines, AI tools | Humans, assistants, workflows, systems |
 State |
Stateless, reactive | Stateful, persistent |
Automation executes.
Orchestration composes and governs the path of execution across domains and actors.
¶ 
Real-World Orchestration Examples
-
Refund Approval Workflow- Validate claim ? AI score ? human approval ? secure payout ? audit log
-
Telemetry Orchestration
- Collect IoT signals ? enrich via AI ? route to regions ? trigger partner APIs
-
AI Confidence Loop
- AI makes decision ? low-confidence? escalate to reviewer ? log resolution for training
Each orchestration runs with full observability, trust enforcement, and cross-domain resilience.
¶ 
Domain-Aware Orchestration in Fuse
| Domain | Orchestration Role |
|---|---|
| Integration |
Start flows from external API, webhook, or data sync |
| Automation |
Trigger reusable actions, tasks, and policies |
 Security |
Insert risk checks, step-up auth, and session validation |
 UI |
Route approvals, form input, and contextual user steps |
 Messaging |
Notify users, route escalations, or send updates |
| Intelligence |
Invoke model inference, reroute on uncertainty, or enrich decision context |
 Knowledge |
Inject explainability, policy references, or runtime prompts into flow logic |
Fuse orchestrations are governed fabric flows across domains, driven by roles, policies, and runtime metadata.
¶ 
When to Use Orchestration
Use this layer when your process:
- Requires coordination across humans, systems, and AI
- Involves long-running tasks or multistep logic
- Needs resilience (retries, compensation, timeouts)
- Demands governance (audits, token scopes, explainability)
- Crosses multiple domains with dependent state
Use Automation Layer when the logic is self-contained, reactionary, or short-lived.
¶ Explore Related Layers
-
Integration Layer
Connect systems and trigger orchestrations with structured inputs -
Automation Layer
Run reusable logic, tasks, and reactions from orchestrated steps -
Interoperability Layer
Move beyond orchestration to govern explainable, cross-domain outcomes -
Knowledge Layer
Inject structured context and reusable logic into orchestration steps
Ownership, Review, Status, and System Instructions
¶ Ownership
- Owner: Platform Workflow & Orchestration Team
- Contributors: Execution Governance Team, Knowledge Enablement Team
- Reviewer: Director of Flow Architecture
- Approver: Chief Platform Architect
¶ Review
- Last Reviewed: 2025-05-11
- Next Review Due: 2026-05-11
¶ System Instructions
systemInstructions:
purpose: "Defines the Orchestration Layer within Fuse and its role in coordinating stateful, multi-domain workflows involving systems, humans, and AI."
llmGuidance: "Use this page to determine when orchestration is required over automation. Highlight its role in cross-domain coordination, governance, and explainable execution."
trustLevel: High
knowledgeType: InteroperabilityLayer